As
with all modern scientific and technological
endeavors, computers and software play
an increasingly important role. As well
as the typical business application software
there are a number of computer aided applications
(CAx) specifically for engineering.
One of the
most widely used tools in the profession
is computer-aided design (CAD) software
which enables engineers to create 3D models,
2D drawings, and schematics of their designs.
CAD together with Digital mockup (DMU)
and CAE software such as finite element
method analysis allows engineers to create
models of designs that can be analyzed
without having to make expensive and time-consuming
physical prototypes. These allow products
and components to be checked for flaws;
assess fit and assembly; study ergonomics;
and to analyze static and dynamic characteristics
of systems such as stresses, temperatures,
electromagnetic emissions, electrical
currents and voltages, digital logic levels,
fluid flows, and kinematics. Access and
distribution of all this information is
generally organized with the use of Product
Data Management software.
There are
also many tools to support specific engineering
tasks such as Computer-aided manufacture
(CAM) software to generate CNC machining
instructions; Manufacturing Process Management
software for production engineering; ECAD
for printed circuit board (PCB) and circuit
schematics for electronic engineers; MRO
applications for maintenance management
; and AEC software for civil engineering.
In
resent years the use of computer software
to aid the development of goods has collectively
come to be known as Product Lifecycle
Management.
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